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Chinese medicine is the traditional treasure of China nation. As the basis of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) plays an important part for the development of Chinese medicine. Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of TCM growing in special ecological environment, is recognized as the high quality medicine. Research on genuineness evaluation of TCM is the key to ensure its clinical applications, efficacy and the process of modernization and internationalization for Chinese medicine. Lingnan region of China is situated in the tropical and subtropical zones, where there are rich geothermal and hydrothermal resources. The superior natural and geographic environment of Lingnan has given birth to a variety of native herbal drugs. And treating and preventing diseases with Lingnan herbal drugs has a long story. This study mainly evaluated the genuineness of Lingnan herbal drugs from the aspects of ecological factor, thegenetic information, the history, the culture, the clinical efficacy and the processing, and proposed a new idea to investigate the genuineness of TCM, aiming to provide a scientific basis for genuineness evaluation.
Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Environment , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
This paper reviewed the ancient and modern literatures and made a textual research on the original plant and medicinal materials of Jiuhua Polygonatum Cyrtonema. Original plant of Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema is Polygonatum cyrtonema, and the leaf order type is interleaf type. The processing method of Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema as medicine is mainly nine steaming and nine sunning. In modern times, Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema is used from medicinal materials to edible food, which can be applied for the food development to lay the foundation for the modern production of Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema. However, the further research on genuineness of Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema is also needed to do. It can be determined that P. cyrtonema from the Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Jiuhua Mountain is better, so the further research need to be done to determine whether the modern Jiuhua P. Cyrtonema can be genuine medicinal materials.
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Research of plant development and metabolism has drawn lots of attention with the fast development of science of mycorrhizal biology, molecular biology and metabonomics technology. It has become one of hot fields in the study of endophytes and plant, which would affect plant's metabolite composition. This would provide opportunity for appraising and modifying traits to medicinal plant, and would also perfect the tranditional standpoint on forming reason of medicinal plant genuineness. Here we provide a review of theory and mechanism, research and application of interaction between plant and endophyte. This review may enhance understanding of medicinal plant, and evaluating the quality of herbs in production.
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Objective: In this study, phylogenetic analysis was used to compare the ITSs and trnH-psbA sequences of 17 Solanum nigrum samples, providing the theoretic foundation to utilize their resources and evaluate their genuineness. Methods: PCR method was used to amplify the region of ITS and trnH-psbA, and the seqeucens of ITS1 + ITS2 and trnH-psbA were obtained after the amplified fragment sequences were blasted in NCBI database. The Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) method were used to construct phylogenetic trees and Kimura two-parameter (K2-P) model was used to calculate the genetic distance of different samples. Clustal X and DNAman softwares were applied for multi-alignment of ITS1, ITS2, and trnH-psbA sequences from different samples. Results: The lengths of ITS1 and ITS2 sequences from 17 samples were 230 and 206 bp, respectively, and trnH-psbA sequences were 446 or 447 bp. ITS1, ITS2, and trnH-psbA had seven, two, and three mutation points, respectively. These 17 samples were clustered to three latitude-dependent groups based on both ITS1 + ITS2 and trnH-psbA sequences. Conclusion: Phylogenetic and mutation point analysis will provide the theoretic foundation to utilize the resources of Chinese S. nigrum, investigate their evolution, and evaluate their genuineness. The results of mutation point will also be used in the identification of related S. nigrum resources.
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Objective To explore the genuineness of Exocarpium Citri Grandis(ECG) from Huazhou city of Guangdong province.Methods We used the method of high performance liquid chromatography to detect the naringin content in ECG from different producing areas of Huazhou city.Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used for the examination of genetic distance,and plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for the detection of soil elemental abundance of 8 elements such as aluminium(Al),kalium(K),calcium(Ca),ferrum(Fe),titanium(Ti),boron(B),magnesium(Mg),and manganese(Ma).The correlation of the above three parameters was analyzed by statistical software SPSS 11.5.Results Ca abundance in the surface soil layer had an obvious effect on the content of naringin,and the difference of Al and K abundance in subsoil layer was correlated with the genetic distance of ECG.Conclusion The genuineness of ECG is probably related with the abundance of phlopopitum in the soil of producing areas of Huazhou city.
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Objective To study the genetic diversity of rDNA ITS sequences in the root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum from various habitats and to analyze the utility of ITS sequences in molecular authenticating the genuineness, identifying the varieties of wild resources, and studying the germplasm resources. Methods Firstly, total DNA in the root tuber of P. multiflorum from various habitats was extracted. Secondly, the ITS sequence was amplified by PCR with universal primer of ITS and sequenced after purification. Results The total length of ITS sequence is 648 bp in the different samples, such as 5.8S, 18S, and 26S rDNA. The lengths of three fragments, ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2, are 195 bp, 164 bp, and 189 bp, respectively. There are seventeen variable sites among the sequences. Conclusion ITS Sequence can be used to authenticate the genuineness and identify the varieties of wild resources in the root tuber of P. multiflorum.
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Object To research on genetic relationship among the main populations of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and the genuineness of the herb. Methods From main distributed places, 44 samples (including nine populations) were analyzed by RAPD. The data of amplified bands were analyzed by the software NTSYS-pc and AMOVA. Results (1) From more than 100 primers, 11 primers producing polymorphism and reproduceable bands were selected, 129 bands were amplified. (2) The percentage of polymorphic bands within different populations were 20.9%-55.0%. (3) The cluster map including all samples were obtained by UPGMA. In the map, there were six cluster groups and three individuals outside the groups. The branch with five samples of Zhongjiang Sichuan population were far from other samples in genetic distance. (4) According to the distribution provinces five groups were divided in genetic variance analysis. Genetic variance 80.44% existing within population, 8.29% among populations and 11.27% among groups. Conclusion (1) The genetic diversity within population of S. miltiorrhiza is plentiful. (2) The seeds of the cultivated population in Shandong and Henan Provinces come from the wild ones of same places. The cultivated plants lack artificial selection. The decrease of chemical compound is mainly due to the undesired condition of cultivating. (3) The genetic differentiation among the populations from different provinces is unbalance. Two population from Zhongjiang Sichuan and Chengde Hebei are far from the other population. (4) The genuineness of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae should be decided according to modern evaluation system. The herbs from some places of Shandong and Henan should be genuine ones.
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Object To develop a new method of discriminating the principle components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) from different areas, and to find the reason for forming high-quality of RPR in the place of the genuine. Methods Using Foruier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectrometry, the characteristic peaks of fingerprint infrared spectra of RPR samples from 18 habitats were recognized and compared. Results Frequency, intensity and shape of infrared absorption spectra were obviously different between wild and cultivated groups of RPR. The infrared absorption peaks of RPR in Duolun, a famous Chinese orthodox drug, were of distinct characteristics. Conclusion FTIR technique is first applied to rapid analysis of principle component of RPR from different areas. So an operable method in the quality control and discrimination of RPR in the place of the genuine is provided.
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Objective To investigate the genuineness of Amomum Villosum Lour.at DNA molecular level.Methods Forty -nine samples from 3different habitats(Chunwan,Panlong,Yunnan)were analyzed by RAPD.The data of amp li-fied bands were analyzed by the softw are Popgene 3.2and Phylip.Results The molecular phylogenetic tree of Amomum Villosum Lour.from 3habitats indic ated that the Chunwan' s had a close consanguinity with the Panlong' s and the consan-guinity of the Yunnan' s was distant to the Chunwan' s and the Panlong' s.Conclusion This provide evidence of the gen-uineness of A.Villosum Lour.at molecular level.